FEATURES OF THE TWO SCHOOLS

FEATURES OF THE TWO SCHOOLS
FEATURES OF 
THE TWO SCHOOLS 
By 
The Learned ‘Allamah 
Sayyid Murtadā Al-"Askari 
Vol. 2 
Translated From the Original Arabic
By 
M.J. Khalili 
Tehran - 1993
P: 1

This book Contains these titles:
BOOK ID؛ Point؛ Preface to the Fourth (Arabic) Edition ؛ 1. THE QUR'AÎN ؛ The other names of the Qur'an ؛ 2 and 3. THE SUNNAH AND THE BID'AH ؛ First: The Sunnah: ؛ Second: The Bid'ah:؛ The sunnah is of the Sources of the Islamic Shari'ah؛ Summing up؛ 4. AL-FIQH ؛ 5. IJTIHAÎD؛ First: The ijtihād, in the Linguistics؛ Second: Ijtihād in Islamic Terminology ؛ CHAPTER ONE؛ The Attitudes of the Two Schools Towards the Qur'aÎn؛ The Interest of the Messenger(S.A.) and the؛ The Interest of the Messenger(S.A.) and the Companions in Collecting the Qur'aÎn and writing it Down؛ An Affected Fuss About Fatimah's Mushaf؛ CHAPTER TWO؛ The Attitudes of the Two Schools Towards the Sunnah؛ 1. The Attitudes of the Two Schools Towards the Narrators ؛ 2. The Attitudes of the Two Schools Towards Circulating the hadiths of the Messenger of Allah(S.A.) in the First CenturyH.؛ 3. Banning the registration of the Sunnah of the Messenger؛ 1The Attitudes of the Two Schools Towards the Narrators Quoting from the Messenger of Allah(S.A.) ؛ 2The Attitudes of the Two Schools Towards the Circulating the Hdiths of the Messenger of Allah(S.A.) in the First Century H.؛ 3Prohibiting the Writing of the Messenger's Snuuah Till the End of the First Century؛ In the Days of the Caliphs Abu Bakr and ‘Umar؛ In Kanzul'Ummāl:؛ In the Days of 'Uthman ؛ In the Days of Mu'awiyah؛ Opening the Israelite Tributaries؛ How two Contradictory hadiths Existed؛ Once again to the beginning؛ CHAPTER THREE؛ The Attitudes of the Two Schools Towards the fiqh and Ijtihald ؛ 1The Development of the Concept of ijtihald in the KhulafaÌ' School ؛ 2Naming the IjtihaÎd؛ Interpretation: Linguistically and Religiously؛ 3The Mujtahids of the Khulafas' School in the First Century and Instances of their ijtihalda.؛ The Seal of the Prphets, Master of the Messengers؛ b. The First Caliph Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) ؛ c. The Mujtahid Companion, Khālid ibn al-Walid؛ d. The Caliph 'Umar ibn al-Khattab(may Allah be pleased with him)؛ e. The third Caliph, 'Uthmān ibn 'Affan؛ f. The Mujtahid Ummul Mu'minin ‘A’ishah(may Allah be pleased with her)؛ g. The Unmatched Mujtahid and Faqih, the Unparalleled Erudite؛ h. His Minister, 'Amr ibn al-'As؛ i. The Mujtahid Abul Ghadiyah, Murderer of 'Ammar؛ j. Mujtahids In general؛ 1. The Caliph and Imam Yazid ibn Mu‘āwiyah؛ 4Commentary on the ijtihaÎd of the Afore-mentionedne؛ a. The Messenger of Allah(S.A.)؛ b. Abu Bakr's Ijtihadd؛ c. Explaining what had been said concerning the Ijtihād of the Caliph 'Umar؛ 5 The IjtihaÎd of the Calipha Abu Bakr and 'Umar in the Khums؛ 1 and 2 The Zakāt and the Charity:؛ 3. Al-Fay': ؛ 4. Aş-Şafiy؛ 5. Al-Anfal؛ 6. Al-Ghanimah and al-Maghnam؛ In the Hadith (of the Prophet)؛ In the Traditions (of the Prophet)؛ Summing up؛ 7. Al-Khums؛ Firstly: In the Ignorance Era؛ Secondly: In the Islamic Era؛ Summing Up Above-mentioned Narratives؛ The Khums in the letters and Assignments of the Messenger(S.A.) a. Ab-Bukhāri and Muslim in their Sahihs, an-Nassā’i in his Sunan and Ahmad in his Musnad, say (quoting the former) that when the delegation of ‘Abdul Qays said to the Messenger of Allah(S.A.): “Between us and you dwell the disbelievers of Mudar, and we cannot reach you except in the harām months [in which fightings were not allowed]. So, tell us what we should do in order to enter Paradise, and to ask those after us to follow suit.” ؛ The Reciever os the Khums According to The Book and the ؛ In the Glorius Qur'an؛ The Positions of the Khums in the Ablul Bayt School؛ A Narrative Concerning the Khums in the Messenger’s Days؛ Prohibiting the Sadaqah for the Messenger and HisRelatives؛ The Messenger's Legacy and Fātimah’s Complaint Against their Handling them and Her share of the Khums؛ A declaration of the Messenger's Asset and their Origin؛ The Conquest of Wadil Qurā؛ Information about the Messenger's؛ legacy Details about Fātimah's Complaint؛ Concerning the Gift of the Messenger of Allah(S.A.)؛ The Dispute Concerning the Heritage of the Messenger of Allah ؛ Her Dispute with them about the Share of “The Relatives”؛ Conclusion؛ 1. The gift of the Messenger؛ 2. The legacy of the Messenger؛ 3. The share of the Relative؛ How the Caliphs Disposed of the Khums, the Messenger's Legacy ؛ a. In the Days of Abu Bakr and 'Umar؛ b. In the Days of the Caliph ‘Uthman؛ How the Imam 'Ali(A.S.) Dealt with the Khums and the Legacy of ؛ The Khums and the Messenger's Legacy in theDays of the ؛ In the Days of the Ummayyads after Ma'āwiyah؛ In the Days of 'Umar ibn 'Adul 'Aziz؛ Summing Up the Dicussion؛ The sadaqah After the Messenger(S.A.)؛ On the Days of 'Umar؛ On the Days of uthmān؛ On the Day of the Imam 'Ali(A.S.)؛ On the Days of Mu'āwiyah؛ On the Days of 'Umar ibn `Abdul Aziz؛ After Ibn `Abdul Aziz؛ The Opinions of the Scholars about Disposing of theKhums؛ 6The Caliph 'Umar's IjtihaÎd About the Two Mut'ahs؛ MUT'ATUL hajj؛ The Messenger's Tradition Concerning the 'Umrah؛ The Mut'ah of the Hajj in the Book؛ Mut'atul Hajj in the Tradition؛ The Companions and Enjoyment During the 'Umrah؛ ‘A’ishah Does the 'Umrah after the Hajj؛ In Abu Bakr's Days؛ In 'Umar's Days؛ The Aforementioned in Brief؛ In 'Uthmān’s Days؛ On the Days of the Imam 'Ali(A.S.)؛ On the Days of Mu'āwiyah؛ In the Days of Abdullah Ibn az-Zubayr؛ Ibn `Abbās and Ibn az-Zubayr Argue about 'Umratut-Tamattu'؛ The Argument of 'Urwah and ibn 'Abbās؛ “Urwah Forbids the ‘Umrah of Tamattu“؛ Comment؛ Ibn Umar's Attitude؛ Hadiths Fabricated to Justify the Caliphs Attitude؛ The Causes of these hadiths؛ The Origin of the Dispute How it Can Be Removed؛ Following the Traditions of al-Khulafā'ur-Rashidūn؛ The Causes of this Hadith؛ Summing up؛ An Example and a Lesson؛ MUTATUN-NISA؛ Mut'ah Marriage in the Sources of the Khulafa' Shcool؛ Mut'ah Marriage According to Ahlul Bayt School؛ Nikāhul Mut'ah in the Book of Allah؛ Nikāhul Mut'ah in the Sunnah؛ Why did 'Umar Forbade the Mut'ah?؛ Mut'ah marriage After ‘Umar؛ Those Who Continued Regarding the Mut'ah to be Halāl After Being Forbidden by 'Umar؛ Those Who Followed ‘Umar in Forbidding the Mut'ah؛ The Dispute Between the Two Opponents؛ Between Ibn `Abbās and the Others؛ ‘Abdullah ibn 'Umar and Ibn `Abbās؛ Acitvities of the Followers of the Khulafa' School About the Mut'ah؛ the Cause of the ḥadīth؛ The Cause of the ḥadith؛ The Cause of the Hadith؛ The Cause of the Hadith؛ The Cause of the Hadith ؛ The Cause of the Hadith؛ The Cause of the Hadith؛ The Cause of the Hadith؛ The Cause of the Hadith؛ The Cause of the Hadith؛ a. Prohibiting the mut'ah in khaybar:؛ Couclusion؛ Nikāhul Mut'ah in the Qun'ān؛ Nikāhul Mut'ah in the Sunnah؛ the cources of the Islamic shari'ah.The contradiction in the Narratives Quoted from the Prophet(S.A.)؛ 7IjtihaÎd in the Second Century and After The Inference of Precepts from the Companions' Acts؛ Ijtihād: Its Meaning, Developmend and Proofs of its Authenticity؛ Their Main Evidences on the Authen ticity of Ijtihad ؛ a. Ma'ādh’s Hadith؛ b. ‘Amribn al-'As's Hadith؛ The Authenticity of their Argument؛ Deducting Rules from the Companions Actions؛ CHAPTER FOUR؛ The Qur'aÎn and the Tradition, the Two Sources of Legislation of Ahlul Bayt School؛ The Imams of Ahlul Bayt Do not Depend on Opinions؛ The Hadiths of the Imams are Quoted from Allah and His Messenger؛ The Imams of Ahlul Bayt(A.S.) Imherited their knowledge؛ They Refer their Hadiths to their Grand father, the Messenger(S.A.)؛ The Prophet(S.A.) ordered Ali(A.S.) to write to his partner Imams(A.S.)؛ The Book of al-Jafr and Fātimah's Mushaf؛ The Arms and the Books of the Messenger of Allah؛ Two Containers Containing the Heritage of the Imamate ؛ Explaining the Hadith؛ How did the Imams handle the books of knowledge?؛ The Imam Muhammad al-Bāqir؛ The Imam Ja'far as-Sādiq؛ The Imam Mūsā ibn Jaʼfar(A.S.)؛ The Imam Ali ibn Mūsā ar-Reļā (Reza)(A.S.)؛ Referring to the inherited books by the Imams(A.S.)؛ The end of Banu al-Hasan as foretold by as-Sādiq؛ The End of the Two Brothers؛ The Imam ar-Ridā(A.S.) cites al-Jafr؛ The writings on the Back of the Covenant ؛ The Witnesses on the Right Side؛ The Witnesses on the Left Side؛ As regards al-khulafā' School:؛ The Imams(A.S.) reference to Ali's Book؛ The Imams' Camponions Who Saw Ali's Book؛ b. The invalidity of the “awl؛ The Imam Ali(A.S.) Complains of Altering the Tradition؛ CHAPTER FIVE؛ Qur'an, Sunnah, Fiqh and Ijtihād Four of the Islamic and Muslims Termicology؛ Examples of the Caliphs' ijtihad in Defiance of the Texts of the Book and the Sunnah؛ Narratives Justifying the Acts of the Caliphs؛ How to unite the word of the Muslims؛ To my master, the erudite and learned ؛ SUPPLIMENT؛ 1. Re: Footnote No. on page :؛ GLOSSARY