How to treat all types of cancers

BOOK ID

Famous: خسروی، اعظم، 1360- Khosravi, Azam, 1981-

Title and name of the creator: How to treat all types of cancers[Book]/ [author, literary editor Azam Khosravi].

Publication details: Isfahan: Amir Fadak Publications، 1399= 2020m.

Appearance: 94 pages: illustrations, diagrams.

ISBN: 500000 Rials: 978-622-7524-06-2

Cataloging status: FAP

Note: English.

Note: Bibliography.

Subject: Cancer -- Treatment

Subject: Cancer -- Treatment

Congressional Classification: RC271

Dewey Classification: 616/99406

National Bibliography Number: 7387151

Point

In the Name of The All Knowing

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How to Treat All Types of Cancers

Author: Azam Khosravi

Prepared by: Amir Fadak Publications

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Literary Editor: Azam Khosravi

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How to treat all types of cancers

اعظم خسروی

آماده‌سازي: انتشارات امیرفدک

مدیر مسئول: دکترسیدمحمدرضامنصوری تهرانی

مدیر تولید : راضیه جوهریان

مدیر فنی: مرضیه رستمی

ویراستار ادبی: اعظم خسروی

طراح جلد: الهام کاویانی

چاپ - صحافي: امیرفدک

چاپ اول: 1399 ● تعداد:1000 ● قيمت: 50000 تومان

© حق چاپ: 1399، انتشارات امیر فدک

شابك: 2-06-7524-622-978 /ISBN

هر گونه استفاده از مطالب اين کتاب اعم از بازنويسي، خلاصه‌سازي، نقل مطالب آموزشي، برداشت به صورت دست‌نويس، کپي، تکثير و هر گونه چاپ سنتي و ديجيتال، استفاده به صورت کتاب الکترونيکي، لوح فشرده، قراردادن مطالب بر روي اينترنت و وب‌سايت‌ها و هر گونه شبکه‌ي کامپيوتري ديگر و به‌طور کل هر گونه استفاده‌ي اشخاص حقيقي و حقوقي در جهت منافع مادي و معنوي خود، بدون اجازه‌ي کتبي ناشر ممنوع و بر اساس بند 5 ماده‌ي 23 قانون حمايت از حقوق مؤلفان و مصنفان و قوانين مربوط به جرايم رايانه‌اي کشور قابل پيگيري در محاکم قضايي است.

FIPA license

Main Entry: Khosravi, Azam, 1981–

Title and Statement of Responsibility:

How to Treat All Types of Cancers [Book] / Azam Khosravi

Publication Information:

Isfahan: Amir Fadak Publications, 2020

Physical Description:

62 pages

ISBN:

978-622-752406-2

Cataloging Status:

FIPA (Cataloging in Publication Data)

Note:

Text in English.

Subject:

Cancer — Treatment

Library of Congress Classification:

RC271

Dewey Decimal Classification:

616.99406

National Bibliography Number:

7387151

Request Date:

November 13, 2020

Tracking Code:

7385516

سرشناسه:خسروی، اعظم، 1360-

Khosravi, Azam, 1981-

عنوان و نام پديدآور:How to treat all types of cancers[Book]/Azam Khosravi

مشخصات نشر:اصفهان: انتشارات امیر فدک، 1399= 2020م

مشخصات ظاهری:62ص

شابک:978-622-752406-2

وضعیت فهرست نویسی:فیپا

يادداشت:انگلیسی.

موضوع:سرطان -- درمان

Cancer -- Treatment

رده بندی کنگره:RC271

رده بندی دیویی:616/99406

شماره کتابشناسی ملی: 7387151

تاريخ درخواست:1399/08/23

کد پیگیری:7385516

Contents

Introduction ...10

Section 1

What is cancer?

Whatiscancer? ...13

Section 2

Types of Cancer

TypesofCancer ...17

1-2)TheTypeofTissue ...17

A)EpithelialTissues ...18

B)ConnectiveTissues ...19

C)Blood-FormingTissues ...22

2-2)GeneralShape ...22

A)Solidtumors ...22

A-1)Benign ...22

A-2)Malignant ...24

B)NonSolidTumor ...24

3-2)CancersBasedonPartsoftheBody ...25

ProstateCancer ...25

Types ...26

RiskFactors ...27

Symptoms ...28

BreastCancer ...29

Types ...29

RiskFactors ...31

Symptoms ...32

LungCancer ...34

Types ...34

Smallcell lungcancer(SCLC) ...34

Non-smallcell lungcancer(NSCLC) ...35

RiskFactors ...36

Symptoms ...37

Primarysignsandsymptoms ...38

Progressedstages’signsandsymptoms ...38

Colorectalcancer ...40

Types ...41

RiskFactors ...42

Symptoms ...43

Lymphoma ...43

Type ...44

HodgkinLymphoma ...44

NonHodgkinLymphoma ...45

Riskfactors ...46

Symptoms ...48

SkinCancer ...49

Type ...49

BasalCellCarcinoma(BCC) ...50

SquamousCellCarcinoma(SCC) ...50

Melanoma ...51

RiskFactors ...51

Symptoms ...52

Leukemia ...53

Type ...53

RiskFactors ...54

Symptoms ...55

Section3

Cancer Treatments

TreatmentTypes ...59

Surgery ...59

RadiationTherapy ...60

Chemotherapy ...62

HormoneTherapy ...63

Immunotherapy ...64

Section4

How to treat

all types of cancers

P.S. ...73

Introduction

Point

Maybe, you, the respectful reader of this book or one of your acquaintances have cancer, and have found that reading this book can be helpful. Cancer is a prevalent disease, as statistics demonstrate that one of five people get cancer, and it is the 13% of deaths in the world. The significant available treatments are immunotherapy, surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and hormone therapy. To choose from various options of cancer treatments, the phase, and kind which neoplasm involved in is considered. After that, usually a combination of the above mentioned therapies is needed. By reading this book, the one get general information in regard with what cancer is, various kinds of cancers, and different cancer treatments. But the real aim of this book is to get cooperation on a new idea in cancer treatment which can cure all of its kinds, even in metastasis stage.

Section1

Point

What is cancer?

What is cancer?

Every day billions of mutations occur in human cells, but some of them make the cell cancerous. Cancer, one of the leading cause of death in the world, is a disease caused by occurring mutation in many genes of a cell, not just one gene, which changes underlying principles of the cell molecular action, such as the cell cycle, growth trend, signaling, and its specific death time.(1)

The most crucial characteristic of a cancer cell is the excessive, uncontrolled growth cycle during which the abnormal cell does not commit the act of self-sacrifice or apoptosis after finishing its life span, as opposed to the normal cell. Consequently, these malfunctioned cells get bigger, and proliferate more severely than the health cells around, and form a neoplasm,blood cancers usually do not constitute solid tumors(2)

picture

http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/cancerlibrary/what-is-cancer

Pending the tumor does not have the tendency to spread from the point of origin to adjacent tissue, it is called benign. In this stage, by doing some medical actions, like doing surgery, the tissue is removed, and they usually do not grow back. Benign brain neoplasm is life threatening, in contrast to most benign tumors somewhere else in the body. After the benign stage, cancer cells enter into malignant phase through which they achieve the ability to attack the surrounding cells. Malignant tumors when is removed, sometimes go back. The last, and the worst stage is metastasis through which cancer cells cut their connections, entering the blood, and lymphatic cells, and jeopardize the whole body to be cured. (1)

Section 2

Point

Types of Cancer

Types of Cancer

More than 100 various types of cancers have been diagnosed. (3)They are categorized in various ways. Some of them are cited here. One of these assortments is according to the organ cancer develops from, such as leaver cancer which explains each cancers that commences in the leaver. Spreading to a new organ, such as the brain, the neoplasm is named metastatic leaver cancer, not brain cancer. The other stratification is according to the tissue where the cancer begins in. (4) Also, cancer can be dealt with through its general shape. In this category cancers are divided into two types: solid, and non solid tumors. (5, 6, 7)

1-2) The Type of Tissue

Point

To consider cancer based on the type of tissue, it should be mentioned that there are various kinds of tissues in human body that three of them become more cancerous than the other types that are epithelial, connective, and blood forming. (5, 8)

a) Epithelial Tissues

The most crucial factor in human cancers, 90 percent, is carcinoma. (5)They are appeared in epithelial cells which are the thin protective layer of the cells that cover exposed and internal surfaces of organ; (4, 5, 9) for instance, the epithelial tissues of blood vessels, intestine, stomach, and lungs. (10, 11)Epithelial cells which are more in the shape of columns have various types. (12)

picture

http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/what-is-cancer/how-cancer-starts/types-of-cancer.

Carcinomas are named according to the type of epithelial cell it appears in (9) such as basal cell carcinoma (BCC) which is cancer of the basal layer of epidermis. (9, 13) Another example for that is squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), a type of cancer that starts in epithelial cells of many organs like kidney, lung, stomach or even epithelial cells that are under the outer surface of the skin. It commonly seen in area of the body that UV rays has harmed. (14, 15)

starts in epithelial cells of many organs like kidney, lung, stomach or even epithelial cells that are under the outer surface of the skin. It commonly seen in area of the body that UV rays has harmed. (14, 15)

picture

simple squamous epithelial (transverse)

https://quizlet.com/5424271/epithelium-images-flash-cards/

B) Connective Tissues

Sarcoma or soft tissue cancer is malignant neoplasm that develops from connective tissues such as fat, bone, and muscles, blood vessels, nerves, lymph vessels, and fibrous tissues. (4, 5, 9, 18) The main types of sarcoma are bone, and soft tissue sar

comas. It appears in every section of the body, mostly in the arms, and legs. More than 50 various kinds of sarcoma have been accounted for which can be categorized into two main types: bone sarcoma or osteosarcoma,

picture

http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/what-is-cancer/how-cancer-starts/types-of-cancer

and soft tissue sarcoma. Some examples of soft tissue sarcoma can be adult fibrosarcoma, epithelioidsarcoma , and rhabdomyosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma. But, the most typical kinds of soft tissue sarcoma develop in cartilage or muscle. (16, 17)

Approximately, 1 percent of cancers are sarcoma, so it can be found that sarcoma is a rare type of cancer. (9)

picture

http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/what-is-cancer/how-cancer-starts/types-of-cancer

picture

http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/what-is-cancer/how-cancer-starts/types-of-cancer

c) Blood- Forming Tissues

Nearly, 8 percent of human cancers are blood forming tissues. (19)Leukemias, and lymphomas are considered in this category. Leukemia is the cancers of the body’s blood-forming tissues consist of lymphatic system, and the bone marrow. When the cancer begins in lymphatic system is called lymphoma. (5, 17, 18) These two types of cancers are considered separately in the non solid tumors’ section.

2-2) General Shape

Point

To classify cancer cells based on the appearance, they are divided into two groups of solid and non solid tumors. (7, 20)

a) Solid tumors

Point

In a solid tumor the overgrown cells remain in one place, continue growing, and causing a mass of cells which is called tumor. To be cured effectively, a surgeon makes an effort to remove the tumor completely without leaving even small tumors. The name given to a solid tumor is based on the name of affected organ, for instance, lung cancer, brain cancer, breast cancer, kidney cancer, retinoblastoma, neuroblastoma, and so forth. (7, 20)

a-1) Benign

A solid tumor can be benign which is not cancerous. Despite cancerous cells, benign soft tissue tumors, does not grow fast,

and does not attack to other parts of the body. When benign appeared into crucial organs such as inside the vessels or hormone production cells can be dangerous. Moreover, a benign tumor can harm the surrounding tissues gradually by becoming bigger, and by putting pressure on them. Benign is mostly removed by surgery, and will not come back. (20, 21, 22, 23, 24) As it can be seen in the following picture, the right side picture demonstrate a brain tumor which is in the benign stage, and left one shows malignant

picture

http://www.drugs.com/health-guide/brain-tumor.html

a-2) Malignant

The next stage for a solid tumor is the malignant which is a real cancer. (3, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24) Malignant cells grow out of control, and attack to the tissues around. Sometimes, malignant cells, through lymph, and blood system, spread to other parts of the body, and infect many other body organs. (3,)This stage is named metastasis or secondary tumor that is the last stage of the solid tumor. Metastasized tumor keeps the name of the primary tumor. For example, stomach cancer that spreads to the liver is metastasis stomach tumor, not liver tumor. Most metastasis cancers are not cured, but some types. (21, 22, 23, 24)

b) Non Solid Tumor

Point

Beginning in non solid tissues of the body such as blood or bone marrow, cancer is called non solid tumor. In fact, the non solid cancer is the Cancer of circulating system’s cells which are blood, and lymph systems. So, it is in constant movement, and dispersed the whole body. Unlike the solid tumors, dispersed do not stay in one place to constitute tumor clumps. Sometimes, lots of non solid tumors aggregate in an organ, and cause congestion that seems like a tumor, such as lymphoma. Therefore, being non solid does not necessarily mean absence of solid tumor; but it means the origin of cancer is a fluid, and non solid tissue. These kinds of cancers are diagnosed through blood or laboratory testing. Leukemia, and lymphoma are, respectively,

dispersed cancers of white blood cells, and lymph system. (7)

As you know, there are various types of cancer. They can begin in different parts of the body, such as brain, intestine, leaver, and blood. In the following section some of the crucial cancer types are introduced.

3-2) Cancers Based on Parts of the Body

Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer is the slow out of control growth of the prostate gland cell. It is the most usual kind of cancer which happens in men. (45, 46, 47) Among men who die due to various kinds of cancer each year, 10 percent die for prostate cancer. (48) In fact, prostate cancer has the second rank of cancers that man afflicted to in the world. (49)

picture

http://www.menshormonalhealth.com/pictures-of-prostate-cancer.html

Types

There are different types of prostate cancer. Albeit, some of the have high growth, and spread speed, most of them amplify slowly. (50) For instance, the growth, and spread rate of ductal adenocarcinoma is more rapidly than acinar adenocarcinoma or that of squamous cell cancer is more than adenocarcinoma.

(51) Prostate cancer’s types are as follow;

1- The most usual type of prostate cancer

Adenocarcinoma is a kind of prostate cancer which occurs on many occasions of prostate cancers, 90 to 95 percent. This malignant neoplasm starts in glandular cells in epithelial tissues of the prostate. (50, 51) The glandular cells are responsible for making the great amount of semen’s liquid part. (51, 52) Prostate gland is consisted of three parts: peripheral, transition, and central zones. Adenocarcinoma often begins in peripheral area which the major amounts of glandular cells, two thirds, are located in. (51, 53) Fortunately, this type of cancer’s growth speed is slow, and there is low plausibility to spread. Being diagnosed soon, prostatic adenocarcinoma is more likely to be treated. (51, 54)

2- Scarce types of prostate cancer

One of ten prostate cancers involves the other rare types which are as follow: (54)

1- Urothelial cancer

2- Ductal adenocarcinoma

3- Carcinoid

4- Small cell cancer

5- Squamous cell Cancer

6- Sarcomas and sarcomatoid cancers (51, 54)

Risk Factors

Researchers have presented some factors that might raise the risk of getting prostate cancer for men, but it does not mean if the one have some of these items certainly get prostate cancer. Since Researches show that large number of people who have had some of these factors never got this kind of cancer, but some of prostate cancer patients have not had any risk factor or had few of them. (55, 56) These factors are as follow:

1- Age which is the most crucial factor. Becoming older, the risk of afflicting prostate cancer increases quickly.

2- African-American race

3-Diet: eating lots of red meat, and fatty foods.

4- Family history for prostate cancer

5- Obesity

6-Exposure to cadmium

7-Smoking

8-Prostate’s inflammation

9-Lack of exercise

10-Vasectomy

11-Tall height

12-Great amounts of calcium in your diet

13-Previous cancer (55, 56, 57, 58, 59)

Symptoms

At the Beginning, prostate cancer does not have any symptoms; but, gradually, it grows, and become larger enough to put pressure on the urethra. As a result, the patient require to repeated, painful or burning urination, especially at night. In addition, another symptom is blood observation in the semen or urine, and the patient’s urinating is feeble alternate flow. Urinating for a long time or straining when doing that are another symptoms. When prostate cancer develops to pelvis, ribs, and other bones, upper thighs, lower back, pelvis, and hips become painful. (49, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64) The above mentioned factors can be symptoms of other disease such as prostate enlargement or benign prostatic hyperplasia. Thus, if a man found any of these signs, should speak with a doctor about. (60, 61, 63)

Breast Cancer

In the Unites States, after skin cancer, breast cancer the second most usual type of cancer that strikes women. (65) It can occur for men; but it is rare 1 in 1000. (66, 67) Breast cancer is the growth of malignant cells into one of the breast tissues that are: lobules which are a lot of small glands to make milk, ducts that are narrow tubes to carry milk to nipple, blood vessels, lymph vessels, fatty and connective tissues. (65, 68, 69) The most frequent types of breast cancers occur in ducts, and lobules. (70)

Types

Breast cancer has various classifications according to its growth trend, the tissue it has originated in such as lobules, blood vessels or ducts, and other criteria. One of the main categories is: invasive and non invasive. (71, 72)

Invasive breast cancer: In this type of cancer, cancerous cells grow, and spread to nearby tissues. They can invade from breast to other parts of the body through lymphatic system or blood stream. (69, 72, 73, 74) For instance, invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is the most usual form of breast cancer, approximately 80 percent of all breast cancers. (71, 74, 75)

picture

Normal breast with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) in an enlarged cross–section of the duct.

http://www.breastcancer.org/pictures/types/dcis/idc

Non- invasive breast cancer: It is also, named as carcinoma in situ (71) which signifies “in its original place.” (76) Non-invasive breast cancer does not have the ability to expand to the adjoining tissues, ducts or lobules in the breast. (71, 72, 76) The most frequent type of non invasive breast cancer is ductal carcinoma insitu (DCIS) which involves 60000 of people each year in the United States. In this kind of cancer some of the ducts’ inside cells have changed into cancerous cells, and does not invade, and spread to nearby tissues. (71, 76, 77, 78, 79)

Risk Factors:

Albeit, many factors are known to raise the risk of breast cancer, the real causes of that are not still found out to a great extend. Thus, it is a secret how it can be prevented completely. Here, a list of breast cancer risk factors has been presented. Avoiding these items, the one may reduce the probability of getting breast cancer. (69, 80, 81, 82, 83)

1- Age: the older a woman become, the more is the chance of progressing breast cancer.

2- Family history

3- Gender: being a woman means the one is at high risk of getting breast cancer.

4- Obtained or inherited mutations in genes named BRCA1, BRCA2, P53, CHEK2, and HER2.

5- High levels of oestrogen, and testosterone in blood after menopause.

6- High levels of blood androgen

7- Obesity

8- Age when menstruation begins

9- Give birth to the first child after the age of thirty

10- Never giving birth a child

11- Lack of exercise

12- Smoking

13- Alcohol

14- Having other kind of cancers

15- Exposure to radiation due to medical imaging

16- Breast density

17- Consuming birth control tablets (71, 76, 77, 78, 79)

Symptoms

Every type of breast cancer has its special symptoms, and also, these symptoms are different from patient to patient. But, there are some common signs, and symptom for various types of breast cancer as follow:

1- Feeling a lump in the breast or armpit: The most obvious first symptoms

2- Edema in the underarm

3- Changes in skin such as, redness or darkening

4- New consistent pain or feeling tenderness in breast

5- A change in the nipple like dimple, pulling in, burning sensation, and so forth.

6- Changing in size or shape of breast (69, 71, 83, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92)

When breast cancer progressed, it invades to other organs in the body; mostly brain, liver, bones or lungs. This is called metastatic breast cancer. In this stage some other symptoms appear as follow:

1- Painful bone

2- Bones become prone to Cracks or breaks

3- Lack of appetite

4- Nausea or vomiting

5- Jaundice

6- Painful chest

7- Losing weight

8- Headache or feeling pressure in head

9- Constantly recurring cough

10- Breath shortness

11- Changes in conduct, and character

12- Fatigue

13- Disorder in eyesight

14- Myasthenia or muscle weakness (93, 94)

Lung Cancer

Lung cancer or bronchogenic carcinomas (25)is a type of cancer that its characteristic is uncontrolled growth of lung cells. All of these malignant tumors originate in bronchus, trachea, and the lung tissue. (26, 28, 29) Lung cancer is the main reason of cancer fatality. Nearly, 90 percent of lung cancer patients’ death is due to metastasis lung cancer. (27, 28)

Types

There are two main types of lung cancer: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC), and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This categorizing is according to how the cells lookunder the microscope, and how fast they spread into the body. These two types’ treatment options are different. (31, 25, 29)

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC)

Approximately, 10 to 15 percent of lung cancers are SCLC or oat cell cancer. (25, 29, 31) It, primarily, begins into the bronchi. After that, develops, and extends rapidly to other parts of the body, containing the lymph nodes. (29, 32) This type of cancer typically starts due to tobacco smoking, and rarely a non smoker is afflicted by. (33) Small cell lung cancer consists of two major types: small cell carcinoma, and combined small cell carcinoma. (34)

picture

http://lungcancer.ucla.edu/adm_lung_cancer_sm.html

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

This kind of lung cancer makes up nearly 85 percent of all cancers. Thus, NSCLC is the most prevalent type of lung cancer patients get. (31) There are three main subtypes of non small cell lung cancer: adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell neuroendocrine tumors. (29, 33, 35, 36, 37) All of them are considered as one group due to the kind of cells that are in the neoplasm. Also, for their demeanor that is alike each other, and, in addition, because of their reaction toward treatments that differ from that of small cell lung cancer do. (33, 35)

picture

www.patienteducationcenter.org

Risk Factors

The most preventable reason of lung cancer is smoking especially, pipe, cigar, and cigarettes, in the past or now. It is the cause of 90 percent of lung cancers. Also, smoking for a long time noticeably enhances the plausibility of lung cancer. Commencing smoking early in life amplify the risk of cancer. The more cigarettes smoke per day, the more risk of developing cancer would be. It is important to know that dropping smoking at any time can reduce the risk of getting all cancers es

pecially lung cancer. According to the research organizations’ announcement lungs function recuperate after two weeks from ceasing smoking. Even when a person has lung cancer this action is helpful for. (27, 29, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42)

Moreover, durable passive smoking or environmental tobacco smoke is another reason for lung cancer. Other risk factors are exposure to special chemicals, like asbestos, arsenic, tar, and vinyl chloride, contacts with radon gas, and air pollution, genetic, and family history for lung cancer, treatment of chest or breast with radiation therapy, affected with HIV virus, previous cancers related to smoking, former lung illness, failure safety mechanism, and utilizing beta carotene supplements. These factors, specifically, raise the risk of lung cancer among smokers. (26, 27, 28, 29, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42)

Symptoms

Albeit, most lung cancers do not appear symptoms at the early stages before their expansion, and spread; some people have symptoms. The plausibility of effective treatment increases when the cancer is diagnosed at the primary stags. (43) But, unfortunately, a great number of patients’ lung cancer has progressed at the time of visiting physicians. (42) It should be mentioned that, lung cancer symptoms, and signs are considered into two groups: early, and progressed stages’ signs, and symptoms. (42, 43, 44)

Primary signs and symptoms:

The most usual symptoms of lung cancer may involve:

· Chronic cough, with or without sputum production that does not vanish or exacerbate. (42, 43, 44)

· Excessive Productive sputum which is an infrequent trait of bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma. (42)

· Haemoptysis which is coughing up of blood or rusted colored sputum (spit or phlegm). It is a trait that makes patients show up to physicians instantly.(42, 43, 44)

· Chest pain that become worse when the patient cough, laugh or make a deep breath. It is the usual characteristic of lung cancer. (42, 43)

· Hoarse voice (43, 42)

· Weight loss which is one of the usual trait many cancers including lung cancer. Many cancers reduce appetite that ends in inadvertent weight loss. (42, 43, 44)

· Shortness of breath (43)

· Exhaustion which is feeling week or extremely tired (43, 44)

· Recently developed inception of wheezing (42, 43)

Progressed stages’ signs and symptoms:

When lung cancer develops to other parts of the body such as liver, skin or bone, some other symptoms appear. (42, 43, 44) Some of them are as follow:

· Painful bone, for instance backache (42, 43, 44)

· Neurological symptoms due to cancer spread to the brain, like confusion, balance difficulties, headache, personality changes, infirm or numb limbs. (42, 43, 44)

· Lumps in the armpit or neck due to spreading cancer to anterior cervical, and supraclavicular lymph nodes. (42, 43, 44)

· Jaundice (43, 44)

Colorectal cancer

When malignant neoplasm begins in colon (the lining of large intestine) cells or rectum (the last section of the large intestine) cells, it is called colorectal cancer. Depending on the place afflicted by, this type of cancer is, distinctly, named as colon or bowel cancer, and rectal cancer. (95, 96, 97) In the United States, the third most usual kind of cancer which both males and females become afflicted by is colorectal cancer. (97, 98)

picture

http://www.webmd.com/colorectal-cancer/ss/slideshow-colorectal-cancer-overview

Types

Colorectal cancer involves some types. Most of these cases occur as a result of a sedentary lifestyle, and low level consumption of vegetable, and fruits in diets.

1- Adenocarcinoms: The most frequent type of colorectal cancer is adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, about 95%. (99, 100, 101, 102) It happens in mucus producing glandular cells in the inside surface of rectum’s or colon’s wall. In addition, firstly it begins in the inner membrane of the colon or rectum, and is named polyp which is not dangerous in this stage. Then, as time passes, it becomes cancer that’s mean it attacks to deeper layers, and spread. (97, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105)

picture

http://www.nih.gov/science/colorectalcancer/

Other types of colorectal cancer are rare, and all of them consists the rest 5% of this cancer, (100) for instance Gastrointestinal (GI) carcinoid tumor, Primary colorectal lymphomas, Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), and …. .

Risk Factors

The precise reasons of colorectal cancer are not found out; but researches present several risk factors that progress the plausibility of catching this type of cancer. Keeping away from them may help developing this malignancy. (106, 107, 108) Some of the risk factors are as follow:

1- Age: It is the most crucial factor for colorectal cancer. More than 50 percent of patients are 50 or more.

2- Obesity

3- Family history of colorectal cancer

4- A diet high in meats and fat

5- Previous colorectal, breast, uterine or ovarian cancers

6- Chronic inflammatory bowel disease

7- Lack of exercise

8- Polyps in rectum and colon

9- Smoking

10- Excessive alcohol

11- Inherited genetic syndromes; for example: familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), and hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC)

12- Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry

13- Ethnics: African American people are at high risk of colorectal cancer (109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116)

Symptoms

Colorectal cancer is a type of slow growing cancer, so its symptoms may not generate significant symptoms at first. As the disease develops, one or more of the following symptoms appear:

1- Rectum bleeding

2- Bloody stool; it may have dark red color

3- Continuous constipation

4- Persistent diarrhea

5- Weight loss

6- Jaundice

7- Fatigue or feebleness

8- Inadvertent

9- Abdominal flatus or pain…

When the malignant tumor becomes large, it causes bowel obstruction (the bowel blockage) or bowel perforation (bower rupture). (117, 118, 119, 120, 121)

Lymphoma

Lymphoma is a group of cancers which starts in lymphatic system. Lymphatic system is a part of the immune system. It runs the whole body, and consists of Lymph nodes, thymus gland, spleen, and bone marrow that generate, and store special cells

to protect body against infections, and invading germs. (122, 123, 124, 125, 126,127,128)

Type

There are various types of lymphoma; but it generally categorized into two important types based on the appearance of their malignant cells under the microscope. They are Hodgkin, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). (122, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129)

Hodgkin Lymphoma

Hodgkin lymphoma is the cancer of lymphoid cells; mostly B lymphocyte cells. B lymphocyte is a kind of white blood cell which is generated in bone marrow, and after that they go into lymphatic system through bloodstream. These cells produce antibodies to protect body against germs. When malignancy occurs in B cells, they are named Reed Sternberg cells which are the main characteristic of Hodgkin lymphoma. If they are observed under the microscope, the cancer is known as Hodgkin, and if not it is non Hodgkin lymphoma. Reed Sternberg cells used to roll up in lymph glands, mostly the upper part of the body, such as armpit, neck or chest. In consequence, it causes spleen, and lymph nodes become bigger which is a cancerous tumor. Also, the disease development trend is regular. It is from one set of the lymph glands to the other. Hodgkin lymphoma is mostly recognized

before it attain to the progressed levels. Moreover, these cancerous cells can spread the whole body through lymph nodes, and infect other healthy organs. (130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137)

Non Hodgkin Lymphoma

Non Hodgkin lymphoma is more frequent than Hodgkin lymphoma. (137, 138, 139) There are various types of non Hodgkin lymphoma, rather than 60, which their conducts vary from each other. This kind of cancer starts in B, T or NK lymphocyte cells, mostly in B cells. As it is the cancer of lymphatic system, it can spread the whole body. But, most often, they are found in the lymph gland of the neck, and after that in the spleen or liver. The outward appearance of non Hodgkin lymphomas’ malignant cells is various from Hodgkin lymphoma. As it mentioned in Hodgkin section, if these cells are Reed Sternberg it is known as Hodgkin lymphoma, and if they are not Reed Sternberg cells it is non Hodgkin lymphoma. Non Hodgkin lymphoma occurs in the lymph glands of the whole body. In contrast to Hodgkin lymphoma, the advancement of NHL is not based on an orderly way, and it is diagnosed when the disease is progressed. (126, 130, 136, 137, 138, 140, 142)

picture

http://cureremedies.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/cancerrrr.png

Risk factors

Hodgkin Lymphoma

Some of the factors have been found by researchers that may raise the plausibility of getting Hodgkin lymphoma. Some of them are as follow:

1- Age: Albeit, it covers all of the age groups; it typically occur for early adults, 15 to 24, and those who are more than 50 years old.

2- Gender: it mostly starts in men than women.

3- Previous Epstein-Barr infection

4- Being afflicted by HIV infection

5- Family history

6- Feeble immune system: Weak immune system as a result of having AIDS or HIV or due to organ transplant, raise the chance of getting Hodgkin lymphoma.

7- Alcohol

8- Tobacco Smoking (137, 143, 144, 145)

Non-Hodgkin

Lymphoma

Scientists have introduced some of the factors that may result in non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Some of them are:

1- Special infections: Some of the infections may increase the likelihood of affecting by non-Hodgkin lymphoma in various ways, for instance AIDS/HIV, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV), and helicobacter pylori.

2- Family history

3- Obesity

4- Special chemicals: High exposure to some of the chemicals, like pesticides develop the chance of getting NHL.

5- Age: NHL can start in any age; but its risk elevates for people who are 60 or more.

6- Weakened immune system: some of the factors can make the immune system deficient, and increase the risk of NHL, such as organ transplants or some genetic syndromes.

7- Exposure to x and gamma radiations

8- Sex: Male are more frequent to get NHL. (146, 147, 148, 149)

Symptoms

Most of the Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas are similar to each other. The most usual symptom is the appearance of one or more painless lumps, and swelling in the lymph nodes of groin, armpit or neck. Also, other symptoms are losing a lot of weight unintentionally, night sweet, high body temperature, fatigue, continuous skin itching throughout the body, cough, breath shortness, abdominal pain, headache, and vomiting. (150, 151)

Skin Cancer

When skin cells start uncontrollable growth, this is called skin cancer. Due to the type of skin cell which has affected with this malignancy, the skin cancer is named. It, frequently, occurs to the areas of the skin which are exposed to the sun. (152, 153, 154, 155, 156)

Type

Albeit, there are various types of skin cancer; they are classified into two main groups that are melanoma, and non-melanoma skin cancers. Three of the most crucial subtypes are basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) which are considered as non-melanoma skin cancers, and the third one that is melanoma skin cancer. (157, 158, 159,160)

picture

http://www.cancer.org/cancer/skincancer-melanoma/detailedguide/melanoma-skin-cancer-what-is-melanoma

Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)

Basal cell carcinoma is the most usual type of skin cancer, and is known as one of the two main non melanoma skin cancers, about 75 %. Although it develops on lower legs and trunk; it most often, occurs in the areas of the skin which are in the long-range exposure of the extremely damaging UV rays of the sun, like face. BCC starts in basal cells which are located in the lowest layer of the epidermis. Basal cells produce new skin cells to replace the old ones. Basal cell carcinoma is a slow growing malignancy which scarcely spread to other sections of the body. It, frequently, develops in the form of a waxen shiny margin small bump which gradually grows, and increases in depth and width. People who are elderly or middle age become affected with it more than others. (157, 159, 161, 162, 163)

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)

Squamous cell carcinoma is the cancer of epidermis cells by the name of keratinocytes. It is the second most frequent type of skin cancer which appears by the sun light exposure. Approximately 20 % of skin cancers are Squamous cell carcinoma. Also, it is mostly a red, open, and scaly wound with a sinking center. The SCC’s growth speed is usually more than BCC type. It often does not spread to other parts of the body; but if it happens, it penetrates to lower layers of the skin. Most of the times, SCC occurs for the sun exposure; however, it can starts in parts of

the skin that has been damaged by the burning, chemical exposure or having radiation therapy. Albeit, this malignancy is the second most usual type of skin cancer that occurs in people with light skin; people with dark skin scarcely get it. (159, 163, 164, 165, 166)

Melanoma

There are special cells in the basal layer of the epidermis by the name of melanocytes which produce the skin pigment. When cancer starts in these cells it is called melanoma. Albeit, melanoma is not the most common type of skin cancer, about 2 percent; it is more invasive, and causes more death than the other types of skin cancer if it is not detected and treated early. This malignancy generally develops from normal skins; however it may begin from a mole; especially in freckles skins. Fair skins are more involved with this type of cancer. Melanoma can start in every part of the skin, and scarcely in eyes or interior organs of the body. While melanoma neoplasms typically look black or brown due to melanin production; some of them do not produce it, and are red, pink or white. (159, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173)

Risk Factors

There are some of the factors that may raise the chance of getting skin cancer. Long-term exposure to UV radiation is known as the major risk factor for most of the skin cancers. The most

important source for UV rays is sunlight. Also, there is another source for UV radiation such as tanning lamps, beds or booths. Some other risk factors could be having a fair skin, family history for skin cancer, a history of previous cancer, having many moles, feeble immune system, exposure to special chemicals like arsenic, exposure to radiations for treatment the disease such as eczema, smoking, being blue or green-eyed, having blond or red hair, and being old. (174, 175, 176, 177, 178)

Symptoms

Skin cancer mostly at the primary stages does not have irritating symptoms; although it can be observed or felt. When it becomes bigger, skin cancer commences bothering in the form of bleeding, especially in basal cell carcinoma, or itching. (179) Skin cancer appearance can be a sore, spot or ulcer which does not get better during 28 days. Also, if a sore or spot continue being crusty, bleeding or itching after 28 days, it can be another symptom of skin cancer. (180)

Leukemia

Leukemia or blood cancer refers to the malignancy of blood cells and bone marrow, usually white blood cells or leukocytes. (181,182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188) It is the most usual carcinoma in children less than 15, and also, it frequently happens in adult more than 55. (186)

Type

Leukemia is classified into four groups based on two features. One of them is the disease development speed which divides leukemia into chronic and acute. If cancer grows rapidly and worsen fast as time passes, it is called acute leukemia; unlike the chronic leukemia. The other feature is by the type of blood cells affected which are lymphocytes and myelocytes. Leukemia is grouped into four main types: acute myelocytic leukemia (AML), chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML), acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). ALL is the most usual type of leukemia among children. Also, CLL and AML are the most frequent in adults, and a great number of CML patients are adults. (181, 182, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191)

picture

http://medrevise.co.uk/index.php?title=Acute_myeloid_leukaemia

Risk Factors

Some of the common possible risk factors known for leukemia are cited here. Exposure to particular chemicals, such as benzene develops the chance of affecting by leukemia. Smoking is another factor that increases the plausibility of getting leukemia. In addition, exposure to high dosage of radiation raises the risk of getting leukemia, for instance from radiation treatment, X-rays or atomic bomb explosions or electromagnetic energy. Down syndrome and genetic predisposition have been cited as another risk factor for leukemia. (187, 192, 193, 194, 195)

Symptoms

Leukemia symptoms differ based on its types. Some of the common symptoms for both chronic and acute leukemia include: consistent fatigue, feebleness, fever, repeated infections, weight loss, bleeding or bruising easily, night sweets, loss of appetite, bone pain, abdominal inconvenience or edema, and petechiae. (187, 189, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200)

Section3

Point

Cancer Treatments

Treatment Types

There are various types of options for cancer treatments which an oncologist choose from based on the type and the stage of malignancy, and the general health. Mostly, in cancer therapy, a multidisciplinary team uses a combination of therapies for cancer patient. The treatments which are considered in this section are: surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, immunotherapy, and combination therapy. (201, 202, 203, 204, 205)

Surgery

Surgery has been a common and major type of cancer treatment method through which, traditionally, the whole neoplasm, and maybe some portions of healthy tissue which surrounds the malignant tumor are removed completely to reduce

the plausibility of cancer return. Sometimes, the tumor is not completely removed. It is when the complete removal is impossible or ends in severe harms to the body. In this case, some other treatments are used to shrink the tumor, for instance chemotherapy or radiation therapy. In addition to the traditional surgery, there are some types of less invasive surgical methods that the surgeon diagnoses which of them should be applied for the patient, for example, cryosurgery, laser surgery, microsurgery, and so forth. Despite the conventional surgery, minimally invasive types need, mostly, local anesthesia and also, less incisions, pain, and recovery time. Cancer surgery is used for achieving various goals that are prevention or alleviating the cancer’s risk, diagnosing the malignancy, treatment, determining the stage of cancer, and comforting the problems and difficulties stemmed from cancer. (206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218)

Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy is a local treatment which uses some types of high-energy radiation, from x-rays, gamma rays, protons and so forth, to damage cancer cells’ DNA to kill them, and shrink the neoplasm. There are two main sources that the radiation comes from. One of them is through a machine outside of the patients’ body which is called external beam radiation therapy. In the other one, which is named internal radiation therapy or brachytherapy, radioactive material is implanted in the body

near the cancer cells. (219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224) When high amounts of radiation expose to the body for cancer treatment, beside the cancerous cells, some of the healthy cells in the treatment area are damaged. This results in side effects for some patients not all of them. Some of these reactions are general, such as fatigue, weakness, loss of appetite or skin irritations, and some others depend on the part of the body being treated, like hair loss which comes after head or neck radiotherapy. Side effects vary from patient to patient, and they are related to different factors, for instance the dose of radiation the patient receives, and the part of the patient’s body which is under treatment. Often these secondary effects are short-lived, and after the end of treatment, normally, are controllable and recover as time passes. (225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232) Besides the above disadvantages, there are some advantages for radiation therapy, for instance after surgery, radiation therapy is used to kill microscopic cancer cells which have spread in the surrounding tissues of the neoplasm. In addition, when it is not possible to remove a cancerous tumor through surgery, radiation therapy is used to shrink it and make the operation feasible. Moreover, in people with advanced cancer, radiation therapy alleviates the pain, and keeps the symptoms under control. Also, unlike surgery, radiation therapy is not invasive, for it usually does not need anesthesia, and the patient does not need to be hospitalized. (233, 234, 235)

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy or chemo as one of cancer treatment methods signifies using a combination of cytotoxic drugs to destroy cancer cells (236. 237, 238, 239, 240, 241). Approximately, there are 100 various types of drugs which are used in chemotherapy (238). They prevent the quickly grown cancer cells from growth or slow their growth speed down. Also, they reduce the chance of cancer return. In addition, they can shrink the neoplasm, and relieve cancer symptoms, such as pain or other difficulties (237, 239, 240, 242). In fact, chemo destroys cancer cells in metastasized stage, for it acts all over the entire body; despite radiation therapy and surgery which only remove or damage cancer cells in a specific part of the body (243). Chemotherapy can be received by the patient in various methods. Some of the major ones are: orally, injection or intravenous infusion in the bloodstream (239, 242). There are some of the factors that determine a cancer patient receive only chemotherapy as the treatment method or a combination of chemotherapy, and other cancer treatments, such as radiation therapy, surgery or hormone therapy-mostly the second option is selected. These factors include: the sort and stage of cancer, where in the body it has developed from, and health conditions (238, 239). Since, strong chemotherapy drugs damage fast-growing cells, healthy cells which grow and divide rapidly can be damaged, too. When healthy cells harm, side effects appear. The most usual side

effects of chemotherapy are: fatigue, loss of appetite, anemia, hair loss, diarrhea, bleeding and bruising easily, infection, vomiting, nausea, changes in nail or skin, sore or pain in mouth, throat or tongue (244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251).

Hormone Therapy

There are natural substances produced in human body by the name of hormones. As a chemical messenger, they are secreted into the bloodstream after production by the glands and organs of endocrine system, such as thyroid, ovary or testicle to travel to a targeted organ to do various functions, for example managing the actions and growth of special tissues and cells. (252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259) There are special types of cancer which require sex hormones to grow, such as ovarian, prostate, and breast cancers. During hormone therapy, which like chemo affects cells of the whole body cancer cells are prevented from catching or using the required hormones in two ways. One of them may involve surgery through which the hormone producer organ, like testicle or ovary is removed. The other one is taking medicines that stop hormone production or disturb the hormone actions, (252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 260) for instance when women have breast cancer, anti-estrogen drugs, such as Toremifene or Tamoxifen are taken which block breast cancer cells’ estrogen receptors. Sticking to these receptors, estrogen will give the message of growing and dividing to cancer cells. In men with prostate cancer anti androgen

drugs are used which reduce or block testosterone production from testicles to prevent prostate cancer cells from growth. Albeit, hormone therapy causes some common side effects in both men and women, such as fatigue, hot flashes or changing in mood; it ends in some particular side effects for each gender. Some instance of that for men are lowered or loss of libido, impotence, osteoporosis, and in regard to women include vaginal irritation, dryness, and discharge, and reduced sex drive (253, 255, 257, 258, 259, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271)

Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy which is a type of biological therapy arouses or quells the patients’ body immune system by using materials to give it the ability of combating with cancer or to treat the side effects of other carcinomas treatments. The immune system protects human body against infections, and other disease like cancer. When the immune system encounters antigens substances that are produced by invaders, such as viruses, chemicals, cancer cells and so forth- observes them as an alien, and attacks them especially by production of antibodies. But sometimes, the immune system does not recognize cancer cells as a stranger, and the malignant cells achieve the opportunity of progressing into a neoplasm. There are some types of immunotherapy that raise the immune system in a general manner by using bacteria or vaccine to fight cancer cells. While there are

some other types, such as antibodies that straightly target cancer cells, and enables the immune response. One of the crucial therapies that have been used in immunotherapy is adaptive cell transfer (ACT) through which the patient’s immune system T cells is engineered to recognize and kill cancer cells. (272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280) Cancer immunotherapy has mild and more targeted side effects than traditional therapies which are chemo, radiation, and surgery. So, its pros outweigh the cons. There are several crucial advantages for immunotherapy, for instance it can be used for plenty of various cancers. Also, while chemo and radiation beside cancer cells harm healthy cells and causes nausea, vomiting and hair loss, cancer immunotherapy is less plausible to show these side effects. In addition,immunotherapy factors strengthen the immune attack on cancer cells, and prevent cancer cells from hiding T-cells. In regard to the type of immunotherapy that is used its side effects are various. Some of the most common side effects of immunotherapy involve: skin rashes, pain, fatigue, fever, flu-like symptoms, nausea, chills, low blood pressure, diarrhea, and so forth. Most of these reactions can be controlled, and treated very well if recognized early. (281, 282, 283, 284)

Section4

How to treat all types of cancers

It can be seen that everything in the universe has an internal and external harmony and order with the other things. By figuring these orders out we can introduce why, and how things happen. So, many new ways can be discovered that are helpful for people’s lives. For instance, in human body there is an accurate order in inner action of each organ and also among various organs which totally causes we stay healthy, and alive. Such a harmony is observed in other creatures in the universe; like, trees, animals, in the space, and so forth. Thus, we observe whole things in the world are moving in a special accurate way along with tranquility and dignity.

When something acts out of this universal order, distress, and problems occur. Some of the problems such as economical, political, and health problems; even shortage of food sources are mentioned as examples for this reality. Cancer which is action of a cell out of its natural order has brought about a big

wave of horror in various societies. During years, many specialists have tried to cure it, and save sick people’s lives; but they have had some restrictions; as an instance, the time of starting treatment, the kind of cancer, and limitation in some of treatment methods. To illustrate it, DNA therapy can be referred to which is applied just for special cancer tissues, not all types of them, or gene therapy in which special transporters are used to carry medicines, and healthy genes into the disordered cells for medical treatment, and so forth. While there is no need to concentrate on finding healthy genes to cure unhealthy cells or even there is no need spending a lot of time, and money to bridle P-gp proteins by oligonocleotids. In my opinion, we can benefit from the strategy of using the enemy forces against itself to destroy it which is more economical, contains less risks, and needs spending less time to get a desirable result. So, there is no need to spend many years on finding an external recuperative factor that confronts us with lots of overwhelming probabilities without satisfactory outcomes, and also having high wrong percentage in finding the right case. Therefore, by having various types of cancers, and different unknown factors in their creation, spending a lot of time, energy, and money on achieving something with unknown symptoms is an irrational work, and is just useful in emergency situations when there is no choice in deadlocks. The reality is that our mind has less concentration on tranquility, and the unique powerful kind God. This is due to the pressure that the treatment time limitation in saving sick peo

ples’ lives puts on minds and fall it into distraction, and impel it to concentrate on types of ways, and methods of treatment. While there is just the matter of one thing, and that is nothing but the “cancer” not “different types of cancers “, and there is “only one treatment” not “types of treatments”. For, God as the creator of the world has placed the solutions in simplicity not complexity. He wants a relief, tranquil, and happy life for human that is full of health, blessing,and concentration on positive things. Albeit, people who have increased their negative points more than positive ones have disturbed the positive order of the universe. We can ask ourselves why we do not concentrate on using something we have in front of our eyes for treatment. And that is nothing but the cancer cell itself. We should have cancer cells to eat their protein as food to destroy themselves not the protein of healthy cells. Maybe a specialist can do that by getting cancer cells to eat, and consume each others’ protein or by having each cancer cell to eat the protein of its own. Maybe you propose using pro-biotic bacteria to reach this aim. Even may someone propose to take out some of that special cancer cells, and change their genes which are responsible in recognizing foods to know the proteins of its type as the food, and after proliferation and injection into the aimed organ, they have the ability to attack to the cancer cells. In these ways we would not confront with difficulties of defensive mechanisms or the problem of how to penetrate into cancer cell, since they have the same gender. Moreover, the cancer cells’ main substance

would destroy because their vital parts and actions are based on protein. As, this new cells has the same reproduction speed as the cancer cells, they can kill them very soon. Furthermore, the new cells just can know cancer cells’ protein as their food, so by eating their protein, the new cells find no way to provide their food, and will die spontaneously. Also, I think for getting cancer cells to eat their protein as food, blocking their glucose and fat channels is helpful. As it is observed, it is not required to mention high amounts of this type of treatment’s advantages, for instance decisiveness in curing every types of cancer cells, lack of side effects, saving time, and life of sick people, money, and more crucial replacing horror to tranquility, and happiness for the sick people, and also, their family members, and physicians in saving their dears’ , and patients’ lives. Maybe, some day this type of treatment could be used for treatment of some other disease, such as AIDS. It is my best wish, and hope to see this method has saved sick people’s lives, and has brought back happiness, and smile to them, their family members, physicians, and friends.

p.s.

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73.http://ww5.komen.org/AboutBreastCancer/FactsandStatistics/WhatisBreastCancer/InvasiveBreastCancers.html

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106.http://www.cancer.org/cancer/colonandrectumcancer/moreinformation/colonandrectumcancerearlydetection/colorectal-cancer-early-detection-risk-factors-for-crc

111.http://www.cancer.org/cancer/colonandrectumcancer/moreinformation/colonandrectumcancerearlydetection/colorectal-cancer-early-detection-risk-factors-for-crc

121.http://www.cancer.org/cancer/colonandrectumcancer/detailedguide/colorectal-cancer-signs-and-symptoms

203.http://www.cancer.org/treatment/understandingyourdiagnosis/talkingaboutcancer/whensomeoneyouknowhascancer/when-somebody-you-know-has-cancer-cancer-treatment-questions

228.http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/physicalsideeffects/radiationtherapyeffects/radiation-therapy-effects-landing

229.http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/treatmenttypes/radiation/understandingradiationtherapyaguideforpatientsandfamilies/understanding-radiation-therapy-side-effects

244.http://www.chemotherapy.com/new_to_chemo/what_is_chemo/

245.http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/treatmenttypes/chemotherapy/chemotherapy-side-effects

246.http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/treatmenttypes/chemotherapy/whatitishowithelps/chemo-what-it-is-chemo-side-effects

275.http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/treatmenttypes/immunotherapy/immunotherapy-what-is-immunotherapy